Rhizopoda -Amoeba: Amoeba is a unicellular organism that has the ability to change its shape

 Sponsor by:

"This Content Sponsored by Buymote Shopping app

BuyMote E-Shopping Application is One of the Online Shopping App

Now Available on Play Store & App Store (Buymote E-Shopping)

Click Below Link and Install Application: https://buymote.shop/links/0f5993744a9213079a6b53e8

Sponsor Content: #buymote #buymoteeshopping #buymoteonline #buymoteshopping #buymoteapplication"

Rhizopoda -Amoeba:

Amoeba:

1. Entamoeba histolytica  or Sitabedi amoeba

2 Entamoeba coli

1. Entamoeba Histolytica or Sitabedi amoeba:

This parasite is found all over the world but is more common in the Netherlands. It is more common in warm regions than in cold regions. Lives in the squamous cell membrane of the human colon.

1.1. Appearance:

Trophocyte or amoeboid phase:

.👉 This parasite has no specific form. This amoeba moves from one place to another with the help of pseudopodium or pseudopods. Its size is 20 - 30 micrometers.

.👉Its cytoplasm consists of a thin outer layer called ectoplasm and a thick inner layer called endoplasm.

.👉A large nucleus is seen in the middle. This nucleus is enveloped by nuclear membrane. In the middle of this nucleus is the karyosome.

.👉 Granules of chromatin are found on the surface of the nuclear membrane. The space between the karyosome and the chromatin granules is clear. One or two red cells are found in the cytoplasm.

Presist:

.👉Anil is smaller than the amoeboid season and is about 10 - 20 microns in size. It is laseren spherical or egg-shaped mito. Red blood cells or other food particles in the plasma

Not seen. Its nucleus is similar to the nucleus of amoeboid season.

Cyst or amoebic cyst season:

.👉During this season the beetle is round. Four nuclei are seen in the mature cyst.

.👉A cyst is surrounded by a thick protective wall called the cyst wall. Its cytoplasm is clear.

.👉The size of the cyst is about 12 micrometers In the immature stage a nucleus is found in the cyst which develops outwards and matures.

.👉Cysts almost always develop in the lower colon.

1.2 Characteristics of Cyst:

.👉Four nuclei about 12 micrometers in diameter are always produced in the lower part of the colon. Resistance is high. Does not perish easily.

.👉20 cm which is alive for 3 weeks under normal conditions. In degree three months, 10, 15 minutes on dirty hands and 45 minutes on fingernails.

.👉The cystine walls are not destroyed by digestive juices in the stomach but an enzyme called trypsin in the intestine digests the cystine wall.

1.3. ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA LIFE CYCLE:

..👉 The life cycle of Entamoeba histalyteca requires only one host, man The development of this parasite consists of two main stages, trophozaites and cyst. The intermediate stage between the two is presist.

.👉The transformation from cyst to thrombocyte is known as cyst. The transformation from trapocyte to cyst is also called encystation. Both of these can be held in the same host.

.👉But once the cyst is formed it needs another human to develop further. Trophazaites increase in number only during the season.

.👉Excystation The cyst stage of the parasite (a mature cyst with four cysts) is capable of transmitting the disease to humans. Contaminated water and food along with these cysts reach the human esophagus. 

.👉The cyst wall is not destroyed by the digestive juices in the stomach but the enzyme trypsin secreted in the intestine digests the taste of the cyst.

.👉Existence takes place when the cyst reaches the lower colon. In this case, the cytoplasm shrinks and leaves the cystine wall, first slightly, then completely.

.👉An amoeba with 4 nuclei emerges from each cyst. The four nuclei divide by mitosis to form eight nuclei, each nucleus being surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm.

.👉Each of the metacystic stages or amoebae thus formed actively migrates and reaches the sloughy layer of the colon. Every

.👉The metacyst phase also transforms into a trapezoid. Multiplication This parasite survives and reproduces by feeding on human tissue.

.👉Trapocytes multiply by dividing into two pairs in a bi-equilibrium mode of division. And with the help of a kind of enzyme, these trapocytes get buried in a pit like cavity in the lining of the large intestine.

.👉This can be called the season of initiation or the season of entry. Due to this, blood and Saturn come out with the human stool. This is what we call Seetabedi. Apart from the colon, these organs also reach the liver and lungs Cysts that cause abscesses in the liver and lungs Does not occur. The trapozyte stage of the parasite is organ degeneration It is the cause of creation.

Excystation:

Sometimes trapocyte activity stops. It is the season of prescient. Cysts form due to reduced food intake. This amoebic cyst needs to reach another human to develop further. The cyst is spread from one person to another through contaminated water, vegetables, foods, and fruits. Some flies also spread it.

14. Public Health Importance:

Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis. Depending on where this parasite infects.

1 Intestinal amoebiasis

2) Pulmonary amoebiasis

3) Named as hepatic amoebiasis or hepatic amoebiasis.

Intestinal amoebiasis usually presents with blood and mucus in the stool and is called amoebic dysentery. If this infection continues for a long time, it causes a lot of pus in the wall of the human colon. Hepatic amebiasis causes abscesses and hepatitis (inflammation) in the liver. Pulmonary amniasis causes tumors in the lungs.

1.5. Restriction :

1. Prevention of open defecation,

2. Proper disposal of faeces,

3. Boiling and filtering drinking water,

4. Protection of food products from contamination,

1.6. Sanitation in Canteens:

1. Medical examination of cooks and waiters and proper treatment of persons with amoebiasis;

2. Early diagnosis and treatment of disease.

2. ENTAMOEBA COLI:

It is widespread throughout the world and resides in the human colon.

2.1. External Structure:

Trophocyte:

It is the largest amoeba found in the human colon and is about 20-40 µm in diameter. It is not as active as the amoebae. Bacteria are found in the cytoplasm. But not always red blood cells are seen karyosome is found at one side of the nucleus. Granules of chromatin are thick and permeate the nuclear membrane.

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA:

1. Size 20 - 30 mu

2. Mobility – active.

3. Cytoplasm - ectoplasm, clearly visible.

4. Utkaru is unknown in undyed state.

5. A karyosome visible in iodine stain is seen in the middle.

6. Granules of chromate are thin

Adjacent to the nuclear membrane.

Cyst:

1. Size is about 12 mu

2. This cyst can cause disease in humans.

3. Nucleus 1 to 4 nuclei karyosome in the middle.

ENTAMOEBA COLI:

1..   Size 20 - 40 mu

2..  Activity is reduced.

3..  Ectoplasm, endoplasm not clearly known.

4..  Utkaru looks good.

5..  Karyosome is seen. On one side

6..  Larger chromatin particles are thicker

Adjacent to the nuclear membrane.

Cyst:

1.. Size 15 -20 mu

2.. Not harmful to humans.

3.. 1 to 8 nuclei are found in the middle of the karyosome. On one side without

2.3. Cyst :

15-20 micrometers in size spherical in shape and initially a nucleus is present. This nucleus divides to form a mature cyst with eight nuclei.

2.4. Wheel of Life:

These are attached to the life cycle of Endamoeba hyslytica. Trapocytes do not penetrate the wall of the colon or other organs and are found only on the lining of the colon.

2.5. Public Health Importance:

This parasite does not cause any harm to humans. It is called intestinal scavenger because it feeds on bacteria in the colon. This parasite which does not cause any harm to man is called commensal.